Country name :
Republic of Indonesia / Republik Indonesia
Government type :
Republic
Capital :
Jakarta (6 10 S, 106 49 E)
time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
note: Indonesia is divided into three time zones
Location :
Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean
Geographic coordinates :
5 00 S, 120 00 E
Land boundaries :
total: 2,830 km.
border countries: Timor-Leste 228 km, Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea 820 km
Coastline :
54,716 km
Maritime claims :
measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines; territorial sea: 12 nm; exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate :
tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
Terrain :
mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains
Natural resources :
petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver
Geography - note :
archipelago of 17,508 islands (6,000 inhabited); straddles equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean
Population :
242,968,342 (July 2010 est.); country comparison to the world: 4
Nationality :
noun: Indonesian(s); adjective: Indonesian
Ethnic groups :
Javanese 40.6%, Sundanese 15%, Madurese 3.3%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Betawi 2.4%, Bugis 2.4%, Banten 2%, Banjar 1.7%, other or unspecified 29.9% (2000 census)
Religions :
Muslim 86.1%, Protestant 5.7%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 1.8%, other or unspecified 3.4% (2000 census)
Languages :
Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (the most widely spoken of which is Javanese)
Administrative divisions :
30 provinces (provinsi-provinsi, singular - provinsi), 2 special regions* (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 special capital city district** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jakarta Raya**, Jambi, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Timur, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, Kepulauan Riau, Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Papua, Papua Barat, Riau, Sulawesi Barat, Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara, Sumatera Barat, Sumatera Selatan, Sumatera Utara, Yogyakarta*
note: following the implementation of decentralization beginning on 1 January 2001, regencies and municipalities have become the key administrative units responsible for providing most government services
Independence :
17 August 1945 (declared); 27 December 1949 (by the Netherlands)
note: in August 2005 the Netherlands announced that it had recognized de facto Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945
National holiday :
Independence Day, 17 August (1945)
Constitution :
August 1945; abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959; series of amendments concluded in 2002
Legal system :
based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures and election codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage :
17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age
Executive branch :
chief of state: President Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO (since 20 October 2004); Vice President BOEDIONO (since 20 October 2009); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO (since 20 October 2004); Vice President BOEDIONO (since 20 October 2009)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
International organization participation :
ADB, APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, EAS, FAO, G-15, G-20, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Flag description:
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; the colors derive from the banner of the Majapahit Empire of the 13th-15th centuries; red symbolizes courage, white represents purity
Economy - overview :
Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, has weathered the global financial crisis relatively smoothly because of its heavy reliance on domestic consumption as the driver of economic growth. Although the economy slowed significantly from the 6%-plus growth rate recorded in 2007 and 2008, expanding at 4% in the t half of 2009, Indonesia outperformed its regional neighbors and joined China and India as the only G20 members posting growth during the crisis. The government used fiscal stimulus measures and monetary policy to counter the effects of the crisis and offered cash transfers to poor families; in addition, campaign spending in advance of legislative and presidential elections in April and July helped buoy consumption. The government made economic advances under the first administration of President YUDHOYONO, introducing significant reforms in the financial sector, including tax and customs reforms, the use of Treasury bills, and capital market development and supervision. Indonesia's debt-to-GDP ratio in recent years has declined steadily because of increasingly robust GDP growth and sound fiscal stewardship. Indonesia still struggles with poverty and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory environment, and unequal resource distribution among regions. YUDHOYONO's reelection, with respected economist BOEDIONO as his vice president, suggests broad continuity of economic policy, although the start of their term has been marred by corruption scandals. The government in 2010 faces the ongoing challenge of improving Indonesia's insufficient infrastructure to remove impediments to economic growth, while addressing climate change mitigation and adaptation needs, particularly with regard to conserving Indonesia's forests and peatlands.
Agriculture - products :
rice, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra; poultry, beef, pork, eggs
Industries :
petroleum and natural gas, textiles, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, food, tourism
Telephone system :
general assessment: domestic service includes an interisland microwave system, an HF radio police net, and a domestic satellite communications system; international service good
domestic: coverage provided by existing network has been expanded by use of over 200,000 telephone kiosks many located in remote areas; mobile-cellular subscribership growing rapidly
international: country code - 62; landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks that provide links throughout Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations :
AM 678, FM 43, shortwave 82 (1998)
1. RRI
2. Bens Radio 106.20 FM
3. Elshinta 90.00 FM
4. Radio Sonora 92.00 FM
5. PAS FM 92.40 FM
6. Prambors 102.60 FM
7. Trijaya 104.60 FM
8. Trax 101.40 FM
9. Women Radio 94.30 FM
10. U FM 94.7 FM
11. I-Radio 89.6 FM
12. 95.1 KISFM
13. Mustang 88 FM
14. Ramako 105.8
15. Radio A 96.7 FM
16. Delta 99.1 FM
17. Female Radio 97.9 FM
18. Hard Rock 87.6 FM
19. Cosmopolitan 90.4 FM
20. ARH Global 88.4 FM
21. Gen FM 98.7 FM
22. Motion Radio 97.5 FM
23. R.D TPI 97.1 FM
24. M Radio 106.6 FM
25. JakFM 101.0 FM
Television broadcast stations :
54 local TV stations (11 national TV networks; each with its group of local transmitters) (2006)
1. Government television: TVRI.
2. Private national television: TPI, RCTI, Metro TV, Indosiar, StarANTV, SCTV, Trans TV, TV ONE, Trans 7, and Global TV.
3. Local television: Jak-TV, O-Channel, Space-Toon, Elshinta, dan Da Ai TV
4. Cable television: First Media, TelkomVision
5. Satellite television: Indovision, Kabelvision, Astro Nusantara, TelkomVision, Aora TV
Internet country code :
.id
Currency:
IDR (Indonesian Rupiah), signed by Rp
International Airport:
Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Jakarta
Husein Sastranegara International Airport, Bandung
Juanda International Aiport, Surabaya
Adisucipto International Airport, Yogyakarta
Polonia International Airport, Medan
Minangkabau International Airport, Padang
Sepinggan International Airport, Balikpapan
Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport, Makassar
Bali International Airport, Denpasar
